Chủ Nhật, 22 tháng 3, 2009

HỌC TỪ VỰNG THEO CHỦ ĐỀ

Cách đọc từ xin vào đây: http://vdict.com/

Lesson 1: THE FAMILY

- Grandparents(Grandfather, Grandmother)

- Grandchildren(Grandson, Granddaughter)

- Parents(Father, Mother, Father-in-law, Mother-in-law)

- Wife, Husband

- Children(Son, Daughter, Son-in-law, Daughter-in-law)

- Brother(Oldest, Older, Youngest, Younger brother, Brother-in-law)

- Sister(Oldest, Older, Youngest, Younger sister, sister-in-law)

- Cousin

- Uncle, Aunt

- Nephew, Niece

EX:

1. How many people are there in your family?

-> There are 9 people in my family.

2. How many brothers and sisters do you have?

-> I have 1 brother/ I have 2 sisters/ I am the only child of my family.


Lesson 2: PART OF THE HUMAN BODY

Head(đầu)

Hair(tóc)

Forehead(trán)

Skull(sọ)

Brain(óc)

Face(mặt)

Eye-brow(lông mày)

Eye-lash(lông mi)

Eyesight(thị giác)

Pupil(con ngươi)

Eardrum(màng nhỉ)

Nose(mũi)

Lips(môi)

Mouth(miệng)

Tooth/teeth(răng)

Jaw(hàm)

Chin(cằm)

Neck(cổ)

Throat(họng)

Trachea(khí quản)

Trunk(thân)

Armpit(nách)

Shoulder(vai)

Chest(ngực)

Lungs(phổi)

Breast(vú)

Heart(tim)

Back(lưng)

Belly(bụng)

Stomach(dạ dày)

Liver(gan)

Gall/Bile(mật)

Kidney(thận)

Buttocks(mông)

Limbs(tứ chi)

Nail(móng tay, chân)

Finger(ngón tay)

Fist(nắm tay)

Hand(Right hand, Left hand)(bàn tay)

Elbow(cùi chỏ)

Ankle(mắt cá chân)

Toe(ngón chân)

Big toe(ngón chân cái)

Bone(xương)


EX:

1. My left eye is sore.

2. My foof hurts. It hurts right here.

3. I have some trouble with my stomach.

4. She has blue eyes.

5. She leads her husband by the nose.(bà ta xỏ mũi chồng)

6. Don't poke your nose into my affairs!(đừng xía vào việc của tôi!)

(CÒN TIẾP)














Thứ Sáu, 20 tháng 3, 2009

TIẾNG ANH TRONG Y KHOA

Kiểm tra câu nói xin vào đây(Copy->Paste): http://text-to-speech-translator.paralink.com/

Unit 1: REGISTERING FOR TREATMENT

I- KEY SENTENSES:

1/ This is the line for new patients.

2/ Fill it in and bring it back to me.

3/ In that case, you'd better go to the Medical Department.

4/ You'll see it(the Medical Department) sign-possted to the right.

5/ The sooner you see the doctor, the better.

II- DIALOGUE I:

A: Patient

B: Nurse

A. (To the nurse)

Excuse me, where do I queue up(xếp hàng) to register(đăng ký)?

B. That is the line for new patients(pointing to line). The registration(sự đăng ký) fee will be 1 dollar. Pay over there, and they will give you a registration card. Fill it in and bring it back to me.

(The patient queues up, and shortly reaches the window. After getting a card and filling it in, the patient takes it back to the desk.)

B. What's the problem?

A. Since this morning I've had a high temperature, and I feel generally wretched(khó chịu quá).

B. In that case, you'd better go to the Medical Department.

A. Which way do I go?

B. Go up to the second floor, and you'll see it sign-posted to the right. Give the doctor your registration card.

A. Is it very busy?

B. Normally yes, but today you are lucky.

A. Oh, good. Thank you. (The patient goes to the second floor)

III- DIALOGUE II:

A. (To himseft) Today, there're so many people here. It looks like I'm in for a long wait.

(To the nurse)

As it's so busy, will it be all right if I come back later?

B. You'd better wait, becauce the registration time is between 8 and 11 o'clock, and now it's almost 10:15.

A. Can I register now and see the doctor in the afternoon?

B. Yes, you can, but if you don't wait, a lot of patient will be before you, and you won't be able to get chance to see the doctor today. Besides, since you have a high temperature, the sooner you see the doctor, the better.

A. I see, I'd better wait then. Can you tell me how to get to the Medical Department, please?

B. Take the lift to the fourth floor, go through the doulble doors(cửa đôi) on your right, and go along the corridor(hàng lang) until you see the Medical Department on your left.

A. Thanks a lot. By the way, what day is the consultant(tư vấn) available?

B. Every Tuesday afternoon.

A. Oh, that's tosay. So I'm lucky.

IV- NOTES:

1. Excuse me, where do I queue up to register?=Excuse me, where do I go to register?=Excuse me, where do I register?= Xin lỗi, tôi đăng ký ở đâu?

2. To have a high temperature=Bị sốt cao.

3. The Medical Department=The Department of Internal Medicine=Khoa Nội

4. Which way do I go?=Where do I go?=Tôi đi lối nào?

5. Is it(the Medical Department) very busy?=Chỗ đó có đông không?

6. To be in for + NF=sẽ phải bị(đã định trước). EX: This patient is in for a second operation(Bệnh nhân này sẽ phải mổ lần thứ hai).

7. By the way, what day is the consultant available? # Well, when is the consultant available?=Khi nào có thể gặp tư vấn?

V- EXERCISES:

1- Substitution drills:

1/ This is the line for + new patients/ patients with hepatitis/ the aged/ disabled armymen.

2/ In that case, you'd better go to the + medical/ surgery/ radiology/ oral surgery + department.

3/ The registration time is between + 8 and 11/ 7:30 and 10:30/ 8:30 and 11:30/ 12:50 and 15:50.

4/ The sooner you + see the doctor,/ start taking the medicine,/ receive the treatment, give up smoking, the better.

2- Fill in the missing words:

1/

2/

3/

4/

5/

6/

3- Translate the following into English:

1/

2/

3/

4/

5/

Unit 2: A ROAD ACCIDENT VICTIM






Thứ Tư, 18 tháng 3, 2009

CÁC LOẠI LIÊN TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH

CÓ 2 LOẠI LIÊN TỪ:
- Coordinating conjunctions(group 1): join 2 words, 2 phrases or 2 clauses.
- Subordinating conjunctions( group 2 to group 6) joins only 2 clauses.
CHIA LÀM 6 NHÓM LIÊN TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH:
@Group 1 - Coordinating(liên kết): AND(và), SO, THEREFORE(cho nên), BUT(nhưng), YET, HOWEVER(tuy nhiên), OR(hoặc).
@Group 2 - Cause(lý do): BECAUSE, SINCE, AS(bởi vì), INASMUCH AS(vả lại vì), NOW THAT(bởi vì bây giờ).
@Group 3 - Time(thời gian): WHEN(khi), WHENEVER(bất cứ khi nào), AFTER(sau khi), BEFORE(trước khi), AS SOON AS(ngay khi), ONCE(mỗi khi), TILL, UNTILL(cho đến khi), WHILE(trong khi), SINCE(từ khi).
@Group 4 - Condition(điều kiện): IF(nếu), UNLESS(trừ phi), AS LONG AS(miễn là), ON CONDITION THAT(với điều kiện).
@Group 5 - Concession(nhượng bộ): THOUGH, ALTHOUGH, EVEN IF, EVEN THOUGH(mặc dầu).
@Group 6 - Purpose(mục đích): IN ORDER THAT, THAT, SO THAT(để mà).

CÁCH TRẢ LỜI CÁC CÂU HỎI HOW-WHERE-WHEN-WHY-WHAT...FOR

@HOW?BẰNG CÁCH NÀO?THẾ NÀO?

Có 3 cách trả lời:

1/ Adverbs of manner(Adj+LY):

EX: Kind->Kindly, Careful->Carefully, Good->Well, Hard working->Hard

Notes: Friendly->IN a friendly WAY, Lovely-> IN a lovely WAY,...

2/ Adverb phrases=Preposition + Object:

BY: Means of transportation/ Means of payment(cash, gold, diamond,...)/ Communication/ Gerund(V+ing).

EX: By car, by bus, by taxi, by train, by cash, by cellphone, by smiling, by talking to Americas,...

ON: Foof/ Big animals/ Small vehicle(A motorcycle, a bicycle,...)

EX: On foot, on an elephant, on horseback, on a motorcycle, on a bicycle

WITH: Tools/ Equiments/ Materials

EX: With a fork and a spoon, with salt and pepper, with chopsticks, with some flowers

WITHIN/WITHOUT/LIKE + NF(a noun, a pronoun, a gerund,...)

EX: Without thinking, without any effort, without pay, within my milits, within my abilities, like my father, like her, like him,...

3/ Another verb:

EX: How do you go to school?-> I drive my red car

@WHERE?

Có 3 cách trả lời:

1/ Adverbs of place: Here/ There/ Right here/ Right there/ Over here/ Over there/ Overseas(Abroad), upstairs, downstairs, downtown,...

2/ Adverbs phrase=Preposition + Object: At/ On/ In/ Near/...

EX: At the museum, At the OLS,..., in Chicago, in the suburbs,...on riverside boulevard,...

3/ Adverbs clause=Conjunction + Clause(=S+VF): Where/Wherever

EX: Where he works, Wherever he sees me,...

@WHEN?

Có 3 cách trả lời:

1/ Adverbs of time: Today/ Yesterday/ The day before yesterday/ Tomorrow/ The day after tomorrow/...

2/ Adverbs phrase: At/ On/ In/...

AT + Time

EX: At 6: 00 AM, at noon, at midnight,...

ON + Day

EX: On monday, on tuesday,...

IN + Part of day/ Seasons/ Month/ Year/...

EX: In the morning, in spring, in January, in 2007,...

3/ Adverbs clause: When/Whenever/ Before/...+ VF

EX: Before she came

@WHY? Reason? Cause?

Có 2 cách trả lời:

1/ Adverbs phrase: Because of/ Due to/ Thanks to/ Owing to + NF

EX: Because of the heat, Due to the rain, Thanks to her, Owing to my parents,...

2/ Adverbs clause: Because/ Since/ As/ For + VF

EX: Because it rain, Since he didn't have time to help me, As my father had no money, ...

@WHAT...FOR? Purpose?

1/ Adverbs phrase:

- To/ in order to/ So as to + V(infinitive): Để mà

- Not to/ In order not to/ So as not to + V(infinitive): Để khỏi

EX: To learn English, In order to learn medicine, So as to please my parents, FOR + NF

2/ Adverbs clause:

- That/ So that/ In order that + S + Can/Could/ May/ Might(affirmative): Để mà

- That/ So that/ In order that + S + Should not(negative): Để khỏi

EX:

That I can learn English, That I should not miss the plane,...

ĐỘNG TỪ TO BE & CÁC CẤU TRÚC CÂU LIÊN QUAN

@ĐỘNG TỪ TO BE LÀ MỘT ĐỘNG TỪ ĐẶC BIỆT:
+ Không thêm S ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít
+ Phủ định thêm NOT ngay sau động từ To Be
+ Ở thể nghi vấn đem To Be ra đầu câu
+ Không đi với động từ thường
Lưu ý: Sau TO BE là một TÍNH TỪ(adjective), DANH TỪ(noun), TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ NƠI CHỐN(adverbs of place) và NHÓM TRẠNG TỪ(adverbs phrase)
EX:
I am an architect(Noun)
I am fat(Adjective)
I am here(Adverbs of place)
I am with my parents(Adverbs of phrase=Preposition + Object)
@CÁC CẤU TRÚC LIÊN QUAN:
- To be married, to be single, to be available
- To be interested in=Quan tâm đến ai, cái gì
- To be afraid of= Sợ ai, cái gì
- To be worried about= Lo lắng về ai, cái gì
- To be concerned with= Lo lắng về cái gì
- To be anxious about=Lo lắng về ai, cái gì
- To be angry with SB at ST=Tức giận ai về điều gì
- To be happy with=Hạnh phúc về cái gì
- To be sad with= Buồn về cái gì
- To be hungry=Đói
- To be full=No
- To be thirsty=Khát
- To be sleepy=Buồn ngủ
- To be born=Sinh ra
- To be proud of=Tự hào về cái gì
- To be tired of=Chán về cái gì
- To be fond of=Thích ai, cái gì
- To be bored with=Buồn với cái gì
- To be similar to=Giống ai đó
- To be ashamed of=Xấu hổ với cái gì
- To be capable of=Cái khả năng với cái gì
- To be successful in=Thành công trong cái gì
- To be able to + V(infinitive)= Có thể làm cái gì
- To be different from + Gerund= Không giống với ai, cái gì

LUẬT NỐI ÂM TRONG TIẾNG ANH

@INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC SYMBOLS( PHIÊN ÂM QUỐC TẾ ):
Chia làm 2 nhóm:
+ Vowels( Nguyên âm )=A, E, I, O, U, (sometimes Y)
-Simple vowels(Nguyên âm đơn):
a:/a -Đọc là a(dài/ngắn)
æ/e -Đọc là e(dài/ngắn)
i:/ i -Đọc là i(dài/ngắn)
u:/u -Đọc là u(dài/ngắn)
ɜ:/ǝ -Đọc là ơ (dài/ngắn)
ɔ:/ɔ -Đọc là o(dài/ngắn)
-Diphthongs(Nguyên âm đôi):
/aɪ/ Đọc là ai: Like
/au/ Đọc là au: Now
/əu/ Đọc là ơu: Go
/iǝ/ Đọc là iơ: Hear
/eə/ Đọc là eơ: Hair
/eɪ/ Đọc là ei: Gate
/ɔɪ/ Đọc là oi: Toy
/uə/ Đọc là uơ: Sure
+ Consonants( Phụ âm ): Chia làm 3 nhóm(Đọc gần như tiếng Việt)
-Lips(Âm phát ra ở môi): /f, v/, /b, p/, /m/
-Throat( Âm phát ra ở họng ): /g, k/, /h/, /ŋ/, /kw/
-Behind the teeth(Âm phát ra sau răng ): /d, t/, /l/, /n/, /s, z/, /ʃ, ʓ/, /ʧ, ʤ/, /θ, δ/
@CÓ 4 CÁC NỐI ÂM:
+ CONSONANT + VOWEL= Link them( Nối qua):An apple, Come on, That I, Wash it, Post office
+ V1 + V2= MAKE DIPHTHONG WITH “Y” OR “W”
-If V1(/i/ or /i:/->A/E/I/Y) Đọc nối với “Y”: The apples, She is, Very interesting
-If V1(/u/ or /u:/->O/U) Đọc nối với “W”: Go away, Who is, So interesting
+ C + C: 2 Cases
-BLEND THEM( Trộn lại khi cùng nhóm âm ): I’ve been, Bumper, Late twice, Own skin
-PAUSE IN BETWEEN( Ngừng ở giữa khi khác nhóm âm ): I sleep late, Run fast, She denied clicking
+ Đặt biệt:
T + Y(U)=CH(ʧ) Not you, Mutually, Ritual
D + Y(U)=J(ʤ=TR) Shedule, Modulation
S + Y(U)= SH(ʃ) Are you sure?, Assure
Z + Y(U)=ZH(ʓ) Close your door, Where’s your pen?

CHỨC NĂNG CỦA TRẠNG TỪ

CÓ CÁC LOẠI TRẠNG TỪ SAU:
1/ Advebs of frequency(Trạng từ chỉ thói quen)-Đứng trước động từ thường và sau động từ to be: Always(luôn luôn), Frequently(thường xuyên), Usually(thường thường), Often(thường), Generally(thường thường), Sometimes(thỉnh thoảng), Seldom, Hardrcely, Scarecely, Barely, Rarely(hiếm khi), Never(không bao giờ).
2/ Adverbs of degree(Trạng từ chỉ mức độ)-Đứng trước tính từ và trạng từ khác: Very, Extremely(cực kỳ), Too(quá), Rather, Quite, Really, Fairly, Pretty(khá), So...that, Such...that(đến nỗi mà).
3/ Adverbs of manner(Adjective+LY, Trạng từ chỉ tính chất)-Đứng sau động từ: Beautiful->Beautifully, Nice->Nicely, Late->Late, Fast->Fast, Hard->Hard.
4/ Adverbs of place(Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn): Here, There,...
5/ Adverbs of time(Trạng từ chỉ thời gian): Today, Yesterday, Tomorrow,...
6/ Adverbs phrase(Nhóm trạng từ)=Preposition + Object(NF)
7/ Adverbs clause(Mệnh đề trạng từ)=Conjunction + Clause(S+V)
8/ Transitional Adverbs(Trạng từ chuyển tiếp)-Luôn luôn giới thiệu một đoạn văn mới hay một ý tưởng mới: Xin trình bày sau!!!

CÁC LOẠI CÂU HỎI TRONG TIẾNG ANH

CÓ 2 LOẠI CÂU HỎI TRONG TIẾNG ANH:
+ YES/NO QUESTIONS: Do/Does/Did/to be/ to have->AUXILIARY VERBS(trợ động từ) or Can/Will/ Shall->MODAL VERBS(động từ khuyết)
+ QUESTION WORDS(QW): What/ Who/ Which/ Whose/ How many/ How much/ How long, far, tall,../ How/ Where/ When/ Why/ What...for
EXPANSION:
@YES/NO QUESTIONS:
EX:
-Do you like to eat rice?-> Yes, I do/ No, I don't
-Does she buy some food?-> Yes, she does/ No, she doesn't
-Did they sell their house?-> Yes, they did/ No, they didn't
-Are you a student?-> Yes, I am/ No, I am not
-Is he a teacher?-> Yes, he is/ No, he isn't
-Were you a doctor?-> Yes, I was/ No, I wasn't
-Was he born in Vietnam?-> Yes, he was/ No, he wasn't
-Have you any brothers and sisters?-> Yes, I have/ No, I haven't
- Can you help me?-> Yes, I can/ No, I can't
- Will you work tomorrow?-> Yes, I will/ No, I won't
...............................................................................
@QW as Subject or Object:
- What(else)?
- Who(else)?
- Which + N(s)?
- Whose + N(s)?
- How many + Ns?
- How much + N?
- What kind of N?
- What sort of N?
+ QW as Subject:
EX:
- What(S) drinks beer with you?-> The dog drinks beer with me
- Who drinks beer with you?-> The man drinks beer with me
- Which girls drink beer with you?-> The nice girls drink beer with me
- Whose boy drinks beer with you?-> His boy drinks beer with me
- How many people drink beer with you?-> 9 people drink beer with me
+ QW as Object:
EX:
- What(O) does he drink beer?/ What kink of beer does he drink?-> He drinks SAIGON beer
- Who do you drink beer with?-> I drink beer with the man(Object of preposition)
- Which girl do you drink beer with?-> I drink beer with the nice girl
- Whose boy do you drink beer with?-> I drink beer with his boy
- How many boys do you drink beer with?-> I drink beer with 9 boys
- How much beer do you drink?-> I drink a lot of beer
@QW as Adverb:
- HOW?
- WHERE?
- WHEN?
- WHY?
- WHAT...FOR?
EX:
- How(ADV) do you drink beer?-> I drink beer with a glass and air
- Where do you drink beer?-> I drink beer at Ngoc Suong Restaurant
- When do you drink beer?-> I drink beer at 7:30 PM
- Why do you drink beer?-> I drink beer because I feel sad
- What do you drink beer for? I drink beer so that I can relax
@QW as Complement:
- What?
- Who?
- Where?
- What...like?
EX:
What are you?
Who are you?
Where are you?
What are you like?

Chủ Nhật, 15 tháng 3, 2009

CHỨC NĂNG ĐỘNG TỪ(VERB FUNCTION)

CÁC CÔNG THỨC CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ:


Động từ có 2 loại: Tự động từ(intransitive verb)=Là động từ không có túc từ(object) và Tha động từ(transitive verb)=Là động từ phải có túc từ(object)
EX: I swim-> to SWIM is an intransitive verb; I like him-> to LIKE is a transitive verb

Các chữ viết tắt: Verb function(VF), Subject(S), Vi(intransitive verb=nội động từ=tự động từ), Vt(transitive verb=ngoại động từ=tha động từ), l(linking verb=động từ nối), DO(direct object=túc từ trực tiếp), IO(indirect object=túc từ gián tiếp), C(complement=bổ túc từ), BI(bare infinitive=động từ nguyên mẫu không TO), PR.P(present participle=động tính từ hiện tại), P.P(past participle=động tính từ quá khứ), ADJ(adjective=tính tứ)
Dưới đây là những công thức giúp chúng ta viết đúng ngữ pháp tiếng Anh:
+ VF1: S + Vi
EX: I go, She works, They travel.
+ VF2: S + Vt + DO

EX: He teaches English, They clap(vỗ) their hands.
+ VF3: S + Vl + SC(Subject Complement)

(to be=thì, là, ở, to become=trở thành, to get=trở nên, to look=trông có vẻ, to feel=cảm thấy, to sound=nghe có vẻ, to taste=nếm có vẻ, to smell=ngửi có vẻ, to seem=có vẻ như, to keep=như có vẻ,...)
EX: I am a doctor, She feels happy, They get better.
+ VF4: S + Vt + DO(What) + IO(Who)

(to send=gửi,to advance=đưa trước, to award=thưởng, to bring=đưa đến, to give=cho, to take=đem đi, to rent= cho thuê, to grant=cho, to hand=đưa bằng tay, to lease=cho thuê dài hạn, to leave=để lại, to lend=cho mượn, to loan=cho vay, to mail=gửi bằng bưu điện, to offer=tặng, to owe=thiếu nợ, to pass=đưa cho, to pay=trả tiền, to repay=trả lại, to sell=bán, to show=chỉ, to sing=hát, to teach=dạy, to tell=kể, to write=viết,...)
EX: He gives a red rose to her(He gives her a red rose), They advance some money to Paul, I passed the salt to Maria.
+ VF5: S + Vt + DO + BI

(to make=làm cho, kiếm cho, bắt buộc, to let=để cho, cho phép, to have=nhờ, to help=giúp,...)
EX: She made him go, I let them sleep, I have my sister buy some food, I help my father do the gardening)
+ VF6: S + Vt + DO + PR.P
(to catch=bắt gặp, to find=thấy, to keep=bắt buộc, làm cho, to leave=để cho, bỏ mặc, to set=khởi động, to start=khởi động,...)
EX: She caught him looking at her, We found the boy playing in the garden, I kept him waiting)
+ VF7: S + Vt + DO + BI/PR.P

(to look at, to see, to watch, to notice=để ý, to observe, to listen to, to hear, to taste, to smell, to feel)
EX: They look at me play tennis(toàn bộ hành động)/ The look at me playing tennis(Một phần hành động)
+ VF8: S + Vt + DO + ADJ/PP

EX: He keeps the door white/ He keeps the door locked; They make the house clean/ They have the house painted.
+ VF9: S + Vt + DO + OC(Object Complement)

(to call, to make, to appoint=đề nghị, to assign=phân công, to consider=coi như, to vote=bỏ phiếu, to elect=bầu, to choose=chọn, to designate=chỉ định,..)
EX: I call her Patty; We make our child a singer; They appoint him a secretary, I consider her my sister.
Note: I choose her FOR my leader/ I consider her AS my sister/ I consider her TO BE my sister.
+ VF10:

@ S+ Vt + GERUND
( to admit=nhận, to anticipate=mong đợi, to appreciate=cảm ơn, to avoid=tránh, to consider=dự tính, to delay=hoãn, to deny=phủ nhận, to dislike=không thích, to enjoy=thưởng thức, to finish=xong, to keep=tiếp tục, to mind=bận tâm, to miss=trễ, hụt, to postpone=hoãn, to practice=thực tập, to risk=liều, to suggest=đề nghị,...)
EX: We have to practice speaking English all of the time/ Do you mind opening the door for me?
@ S + Expressions + GERUND

- To be used to(quen): I am used to getting up early
- To get used to(quen): I get used to getting up early
- To be accustomed to, to get accustomed to(quen):
- To object to(phản đối): I object to going out
- To look forward to(mong ước): I look forward to seeing you again
- To go(đi): I go swimming, I go dancing,...
+ VF11:

@ S + V + to + VF
EX: He likes to go/ We expect to see him/ He likes me to stay.
@ S + Vt + to be PP

EX: He likes to be rewarded/ We expect to be respected(only transitive verb)
@ S + Vt + GERUND/TO BE PP(passive)

(to need, to want, to merit, be worth=đáng được, to desire=ước mong)
EX: This book is worth reading(This book is worth to be read)
+ VF12:

@ S + VF + to/in order to + VF
EX: She stays in order to learn English
@ S + VF + VF, VF, VF and VF

EX: She came, picked up, her brother and went home.
@ S + VF, PR.P

EX: The architect is busy, working on the drawing
+ VF13: S + MODAL + VF( Can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, had better, would rather, have got to)

EX: I can work/ She will buy my house,...

MODAL VERBS(CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT)

I- USAGES(cách sử dụng):

1- Probability(có thể xảy ra): CAN/ COULD/ MAY/ MIGHT(có lẽ, guess)

EX: He may be in class(Anh ta có lẽ ở trong lớp).

2- Permission(sự cho phép): CAN/ COULD/ MAY/ MIGHT(được phép)

EX: Can I use your computer?( Tôi có được phép sử dụng máy vi tính của bạn không?

3- Ability(khả năng): CAN/ COULD(có thể)

EX: She can speak English(Cô ấy có thể nói tiếng Anh).

4- Future(tương lai): WILL/ SHALL(I/We)(sẽ)

EX: He will come here tomorrow(Anh ấy sẽ đến đây vào ngày mai).

5- Politeness(lịch sự): WOULD......LIKE

EX: Would you like beer?( Bạn muốn uống bia không?)

6- Obligation(bổn phận): SHOULD(nên)

EX: You should study hard(Bạn nên chịu khó học).

7- Moral obligation(bổn phận tinh thần): OUGHT TO(nên)

EX: You ought to obey your parents(Bạn nên vâng lời cha mẹ bạn)

8- Strong obligation(bổn phận bắt buộc): MUST/DON'T HAVE TO(phải)

EX: You must unlock the door(Bạn phải đóng cửa)

9- Recommendation(sự khuyên bảo): HAD BETTER(nên/tốt hơn là)

EX: You had better get up early(Bạn nên thức dậy sớm).

10- Preference(thích hơn): WOULD RATHER(thích hơn/ thà...còn hơn)

EX: It's too hot. We would rather stay at home(Trời quá nóng. Chúng ta thà ở nhà còn hơn).

11- Prohibition(sự cấm đoán): MUSTN'T(không được)

EX: You mustn't stay at home(Bạn không được ở nhà).

II- NOTES(các lưu ý):

- Negative của "MUST" là "DON'T HAVE TO"(không phải).

- SHALL dùng với YOU, HE, SHE, IT, THEY = Phải(lời hứa).

- MUST=TO HAVE GOT TO=TO HAVE TO=PHẢI=TO BE SUPPOSED TO=TO BE TO=PHẢI(sự mong ước)

EX: I've got to leave tomorrow; The meeting is supposed to begin at 6:00 PM; You are to come here at noon.

- WILL=TO BE GOING TO=SẼ, He is going to come tomorrow.

- CAN=TO BE ABLE TO=CÓ THỂ, He is able to speak English.

- MAY=TO BE ALLOWED TO=ĐƯỢC PHÉP, He is allowed to go out

To be fined: Bị phạt, To permit=To allow: Cho phép

EX: My parents don't allow me to attend his party; I may not attend his party; I am not allowed to attend his party.

- USED TO=WOULD + VERB=Thường, đã từng(thói quen trong quá khứ).

EX: When I was young, I used to go to bed early=When I was young, I would go to bed early.

- TO BE(GET) USED TO = TO BE(GET) ACCUSTOMED TO = TO BE FAMILIAR WITH = THÓI QUEN(Chia động từ to be/to get ở quá khứ, hiện tại và tương lai + GERUND).

EX:
I am used to sleeping early now=I get used to sleeping early now=I am accustomed to sleeping early now=I get accustomed to sleeping early now=I am familiar with sleeping early now( Bây giờ tôi có thói quen dậy sớm).
When I was young, I was used to sleeping early(Khi tôi còn trẻ, tôi đã có thói quen dậy sớm).
I will be used to sleeping early(Tôi sẽ có thói quen dậy sớm).

SỰ KHÁC BIỆT GIỮA USED TO và TO BE(GET) USED TO là USED TO + V(infinitive), TO BE(GET) USED TO + GERUND.

CÁI THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH:

I- PRESENT TENSES:

1-Present simple: S + V(e/es)

Usage:

1/ General facts(GF): He is my son

2/ Habits(Ha): He works everyday

3/ Hobbies(Ho): He plays the violin

4/ Purpose(Pu): He works in order to earn money.

2-Present continuous: S + am/is/are + V-ING

Usage:
- Actions lasting now(NOW, AT PRESENT, AT THE MOMENT):
+ We're living with Mark.
+ He's going to school.
+ We're selling computers.
- Actions lasting with THIS...(THIS WEEK, THIS MONTH, THIS YEAR, ect)
+ Mark's taking his final examination this week.

3-Present perpect: S + have/has + PP

Usage:
- Completed: Mark has gone to Hawaii/ Mark has just gone to Hawaii
- Already started:
+ He's stayed home for 3 days.
+ He's stayed home since Monday evening.
+ He's stayed since we saw him.

4-Present perfect continious: S + have/has been + V-ING.

Usage:
- Completed and lasting with/without LATELY, RECENTLY.
+ He's been helping a lot of his friends lately.
+ He's been making some money recently.
- Started and lasting till now:
+ He's been working for this company for 3 months.
+ He's been singing in the school choir for 3 years.


II- PAST TENSES:

1-Past simple: S + V(ed/2nd)

Usage:
- A time in the past: He called me up last night.
- + Ago: We played chess two days ago.

2-Past continuous: S + was/were + V-ING


Usage:

3-Past perfect: S + had + PP

Usage:

4-Past perfect continuous: S + had been + V-ING

Usage:

5-Past future: S + WOULD + V

Usage:

III- FURURE TENSES:

1-Future simple: S + will + V

Usage:

2-Future coutinuous: S + will be + V-ING

Usage:

3-Future perfect: S + will have + PP

Usage:

4-Future perfect continuous: S + will have been + V-ING

Usage:

IV- CONDITIONAL TENSES:

1-Conditional simple: S + would + V

Usage:

2-Conditional continuous: S + would be + V-ING

Usage:

3-Conditional perfect: S + would have+ PP

Usage:

4-Conditional perfect continuous: S + would have been + V-ING

Usage:










ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC

SIMPLE FORM/ SIMPLE PAST/ PAST PARTICIPLE/ PRESENT PARTICIPLE/ VIETNAMESE MEANING

Bring/ Brought/ Brought/ Bringing/ Mang

Buy/ Bought/ Bought/ Buying/ Mua

Fight/ Fought/ Fought/ Fighting/ Chiếu đấu

Think/ Thought/ Thought/ Thinking/ Nghĩ


Beat/ Beat/ Beaten/ Beating/ Đánh đập

Eat/ Ate/ Eaten/ Eating/ Ăn

Bite/ Bit/ Bitten/ Biting/ Cắn

Hide/ Hid/ Hidden/ Hiding/ Trốn

Ride/ Rode/ Ridden/ Riding/ Cưỡi

Rise/ Rose/ Risen/ Rising/ Mọc lên



Blow/ Blew/ Blown/ Blowing/ Thổi

Fly/ Flew/ Flown/ Flying/ Bay

Grow/ Grew/ Grown/ Growing/ Lớn lên, Trồng

Know/ Knew/ Known/ Knowing/ Biết

Show/ Showed/ Shown(Showed)/ Showing/ Chỉ cho thấy



Mean/ Meant/ Meant/ Meaning/ Có nghĩa

Dream/ Dreamt/ Dreamt/ Dreaming/ Mơ

Learn/ Learnt/ Learnt/ Learning/ Học

Lean/ Leant/ Leant/ Leaning/ Dực vào



Break/ Broke/ Broken/ Breaking/ Bể, làm vỡ

Speak/ Spoke/ Spoken/ Speaking/ Nói, phát biểu



Catch/ Caught/ Caught/ Catching/ Bắt, Chụp

Teach/ Taught/ Taught/ Teaching/ Dạy



Choose/ Chose/ Chosen/ Choosing/ Chọn lựa



Come/ Came/ Come/ Coming/ Đến

Become/ Became/ Become/ Becoming/ Trở nên

Overcome/ Overcame/ Overcome/ Overcoming/ Vượt qua



Drink/ Drank/ Drunk/ Drinking/ Uống

Begin/ Began/ Begun/ Beginning/ Bắt đầu










CHỨC NĂNG DANH TỪ(NOUN FUNCTION)

+ Định nghĩa(definition): Danh từ là tiếng chỉ tên một người, một vật hay một đồ vật= A noun is a name of a person, an animal or a thing
EX: Joseph, a dog, a table,...
+ Hình thức số nhiều của danh từ(Flural form of a noun):
- Thêm S: A bag/ bags
- Thêm ES sau danh từ tận cùng là S, Z, CH, SH, X và đọc là /iz/
A dress/ dresses, a box/ boxes, a watch/ watchces,...
Lưu ý: Thêm ES sau O: a tomato/ tomatoes; Thêm S sau O(nếu trước O là một nguyên âm): A radio/ radios
- Thay F, FE bằng VES: A knife/ knives, a leaf/ leaves
- Thay Y bằng IES: A city/ cities
Lưu ý: A toy/ toys(Vì trước Y là một nguyên âm)
+ MỘT SỐ DANH TỪ CÓ HÌNH THỨC ĐẶC BIỆT:
- A mouse/ mice(con chuột)
- A tooth/ teeth(răng)
- A man/ men(đàn ông)
- A woman/ women(đàn bà)
- A foot/ feet(bàn chân)
- A sheep/ sheep(con cừu)
- A person/ people(người)
- A child/ children(trẻ em)
- A goose/ geese(con ngỗng)
- An ox/ oxen(bò đực)
- A salmon/ salmon(cá hồi)
+ Danh từ đếm được(Countable noun) và không đếm được(Uncountable noun):
- Danh từ đếm được: A shirt, a dress, a blouse,...
- Danh từ không đếm được: Rice, beer, water,...(Lưu ý: Hình thức số ít và số nhiều không thay đổi).
+NF(Noun Function) đóng 3 vai trò trong câu văn:
- Subject(S): Chủ từ
EX: The teacher eats dinner with a girl; The beautiful woman looks at me,...
- Object(O): Túc từ(bổ nghĩa cho động từ/giới từ)
EX: I like the teacher(Object of like), I don't go with the woman(Object of with)
- Complement(C): Bổ túc từ(bổ nghĩa cho danh từ/đại từ)
The man is a teacher; This is a beautiful woman.
+ Các chức năng của danh từ:
NF1: NOUN: The book, a dog , an apple, John,...
eNF1=expanded NF1=Là danh từ mở rộng, nghĩa là danh từ kèm tính từ
EX: A small town, a beautiful girl, my mother,...
NF2: PRONOUN: He, she, him, her,...

NF3: GERUND: Going, fishing, swimming,...
NF4: A NOUN PHRASE
- Gerund or Infinitive of VF2 to VF10
+ Speaking English, to speak English(VF2)
+ Being happy, to be happy(VF3)
+ Sending her a gift, to send her a gift(VF4)
- Question word/ Whether(được hay không) + to VF:
What to do, where to go, how to answer my questions.
NF5: A NOUN CLAUSE
- That(rằng) + S + VF:
+ That I want to buy the house(VF11a)
+ That I call him Shortly(VF9)
- Question work/whether/ if + S + VF:
+ Where he went(VF1)
+ What he wants(VF2)
+ How he is(VF3); why he loooks sad(VF3)
+ When they sent us the letter(VF4)
+ How your parents made you become a soccer player(VF5)
+ What they enjoy doing(VF10a)
+ How he looks forward(mong đợi) to receiving your letter(VF10b)



LỊCH THỰC HÀNH TIẾNG ANH

+ Thứ 2(Monday): Từ 21 giờ 30 đến 23 giờ 00( From 9:30 PM to 11:00 PM )
+ Thứ 3(Tuesday): Từ 21 giờ 30 đến 23 giờ 00( From 9:30 PM to 11:00 PM )
+ Thứ 4(Wednesday): Từ 21 giờ 30 đến 23 giờ 00( From 9:30 PM to 11:00 PM )
+ Thứ 5(Thursday): Từ 21 giờ 30 đến 23 giờ 00( From 9:30 PM to 11:00 PM )
+ Thứ 6(Friday): Từ 21 giờ 30 đến 23 giờ 00( From 9:30 PM to 11:00 PM )
+ Thứ 7(Saturday): Từ 21 giờ 30 đến 23 giờ 00( From 9:30 PM to 11:00 PM )
+ CN(Sunday): Từ 21 giờ 30 đến 23 giờ 00( From 9:30 PM to 11:00 PM )

MỘT CHUYẾN DU LỊCH ĐẾN HOA KỲ

LESSON 1: APPLYING FOR A VISA

Dialogue 1

Consul: Have a seat, please. May I know your name?
Note: Have a seat/ Sit down/ This is your seat/…, please
May/Can I know your name?/ What is your name?/ Tell me your name?/ Who are you?/…
Wang Lifang: My name is Wang Lifang.
Note: My name is…/ I’m…/
Consul: Why do you want to go to the U.S.?
Wang Lifang: I’m going to see my daughter. She is a graduate student in Columbia
University.
Note: I want to see…./ I will see…
A graduate student: Học viên sau đại học
In/at Columbia University
Consul: Have you any recent letter from your daughter?
Note: Have you ANY…?
Recent(a) đứng trước DANH TỪ(Bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó). Recently(adv) đứng sau ĐỘNG TỪ(Bổ nghĩa cho động từ đó)
Wang Lifang: Yes, here you are.
Note: Here you are/ There you are
Consul: How long are you going to stay in the U.S.?
Wang Lifang: Six months, if possible.
Consul: Fine. That’s all for now.
Wang Lifang: When can I have my visa?
Consul: Please come to get your visa this time tomorrow morning.
Wang Lifang: Thank you very much.
Note: Thank you very much/ Thank you so much/ Thanks a lot
Consul: Not at all. Have a pleasant stay in the U.S.
Note: To please( làm vui)à Please(int), Pleasance(n), Pleasantness(n), Pleasant(adj), Pleasantly(adv)

Dialogue 2

Zhang Linghua: Good morning. I’m Zhang Linghua. I have come for my visa.
Consul: Oh, yes. How do you do, Mr.Zhang. My name is Stone Best.
Zhang Linghua: How do you do, Mr. Best.
Consul: Would you mind answering a few questions, Mr.Zhang?
Zhang Linghua: Of course not.
Consul: Do you have any special reason to go to America?
Zhang Linghua: I want to study electrical engineering, for I know America is the
most advanced country in this field.
Consul: Who will pay the tuition and other expenses?
Zhang Linghua: I’ve got a full scholarship from the City University of New
York. Besides. I have an uncle in California. He is a doctor and
will provide me with other necessary expenses.
Consul: Do you plan to stay in America after you finish your study there?
Zhang Linghua: No, I’ll return to China after my graduation and apply what I have
learned to my future career.
Consul: Good. We’ll certainly consider your case. That’s all. Good-bye.
Zhang Linghua: Thank you. Good-bye.

Additional Sentences

1/ What is your purpose in applying for visa?
2/ Have you any letter of invitation from the institute?
3/ Who’s your sponsor?
4/ Who will finance your other expenses?
5/ Does your son have a U.S. citizenship?
6/ Do you think your English is good enough when you study in the American University?
7/ I’v received high scores on the TOEFL and GRE.
8/ Does your scholarship cover the whole two years?
9/ I can have my scholarship renewed.
10/ How long will it take to get an entry visa?

Useful Works and Expressions

-Document(n): Tài liệu, văn bản
-Paper(n): Giấy tờ
-Passport(n): Hộ chiếu
-Visa(n): Thị thực
-Exit permit: Giấy phép xuất cảnh
-Letter of invitation: Thư mời
-Letter of acception: Thư chấp nhận
-Financial aid: Nguồn tài trợ
-Scholarship(n): Học bổng
-Assistantship(n): Sự hỗ trợ, giúp đỡ
-Fellowship(n): Sự giao hảo, tình hữu nghị
-Sponsor(n): Người bảo trợ
-Guarantor(n): Người bảo lãnh
-Citizenship(n): Quyền công dân
-Exchange visitor: Khách đến thăm theo chương trình trao đổi
-Visiting scholar: Học giả, thỉnh giảng
-Immigrant(n): Người nhập cư
-Scholar’s degree: Văn bằng học thuật
-Master’s degree: Bằng thạc sĩ
-Doctor’s degree: Bằng tiến sĩ

TIẾNG ANH MỸ GIAO TIẾP HÀNG NGÀY

AMERICAN MASTER

Lesson 1: COMMUNICATION

1/ You’re so difficult to get through to

+ Past Simple:
-USES: Actions in the past + A time or Actions in the past + Ago
EX: He called me up last night
We played chess two days ago
-FORM: S + V(ED/V2)
+ To try:
- To try to doing ST: Thử , EX: I try to wearing this Shirt
- To try to do ST: Cố gắng EX: I try to get a hold of him


+ To get a hold of SB(IDIOM): Tìm cách liên lạc với ai đó
+ To get through(Adv/Adj) to SB/ST: Nối máy điện thoại với ai/nơi nào, đi qua một nơi nào.
+ Enough, So, Too + Adj/Adv + to V
EX: He is enough smart to learn English
It was so difficult to get through
He is too lazy to pass the exam( Negative )
+ So + Adj + that + Clause, Such + N + that + Clause
EX: He is so kind that everybody likes him
He is such a kind man that everybody likes him
+ Strange(Adj): Kỳ lại+ After TO BE: ADJ/ N/ ADV( Advs of place )/ ADV Phrase( Preposition + Object )
+ Probably(Adv): Chắc vậy(99%)
+ No wonder! Hèn chi!
+ All the time( IDIOM ): Trong suốt thời gian đang nhắc tới
+ Modals: Ought to/ Should: Nên
+ To get another line/ To get call – waiting: Mắc đường dây khác/ Mắc hệ thống có chế độ chờ.

You’re so difficult to get through to
A. Did you call Ben last night?
B. Yes, I tried to get a hold of him last night. But, it was so difficult to get through
A. That’s strange. Maybe he was on the Net
B. That’s probably it. No wonder the line was busy all the time. Maybe he ought to get another line
A. Oh, he should get call – waiting

2/ I kept getting a busy signal: Nhận tín hiệu bận. VF6: Catch, Find, Keep, Leave, Set, Start + V(ing)
+ All + Danh từ đếm được số nhiều, Danh từ không đếm được
EX: All the time, All morning, All my plants: Tất cả các cây của tôi

A. Why didn't you call me yesterday?

B. I tried to get a hold of you, but I couldn't get through.

A. What time did you call?

B. I tried all morning.

A. Then I can't understand why you couldn't get through.

B. I kept getting a busy signal.

A. Hmmmm...


3/ Is your phone out of order?
+ To be out of order: Cái máy móc đang đề cập đến bị hư
EX: My phone is out of order: Điện thoại của tôi bị hư
+ What do you mean?= What do you say?: Ý anh nói sao?
To be Sorry(ADJ/ADV) + For/About + V(ing)( + to + V(INFINITIVE) ): Lấy làm tiếc về điều gì đó
+ Might want to + V(BI) = Might wanna + V(BI): Nên( Cách nói lịch sự )
+ Phone service( n ) : Dịch vụ thuê bao điện thoại
+ Always/ Usually/Sometimes/ Seldom/ Never( Advs of frequency ): Before V, After To Be
+ I guess so = I think so : Tôi cũng nghĩ như vậy